What feature of Docker allows containers to share the same kernel while running securely?

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The feature of Docker that enables containers to share the same kernel while running securely is isolation. Isolation is a core principle in container technology that ensures that each container operates independently and securely, as if it were running on its own dedicated operating system, even though they are operating on the same underlying host operating system kernel.

Containers use mechanisms provided by the Linux kernel, such as namespaces and cgroups, to achieve this isolation. Namespaces offer the separation necessary for resources like network interfaces, process trees, and file systems, while control groups (often referred to as cgroups) limit and prioritize the resource usage of each container. This combination allows containers to run concurrently in a safe environment without interfering with each other, maintaining the boundary that ensures one container cannot see or affect the processes running in another container.

Although networking and control groups play important roles in the functionality and management of containers, it is specifically the concept of isolation that fundamentally empowers containers to share the same kernel while ensuring their individual security and independence. This architectural design helps facilitate efficient resource utilization while maintaining a high degree of separation among containers.

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